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- <text id=89TT3107>
- <title>
- Nov. 27, 1989: An Early-Warning System
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Nov. 27, 1989 Art And Money
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 56
- An Early-Warning System
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Researchers can now identify genetic defects before conception
- </p>
- <p>By Andrew Purvis
- </p>
- <p> For many would-be parents, the recent revolution in
- prenatal genetic testing has created agonizing dilemmas. If the
- tests reveal genetic abnormalities in the fetus, the mother and
- father must either have a handicapped child or resort to
- abortion. At best the choice is painful. For some, it is the
- worst kind of moral quandary.
- </p>
- <p> Now a team of medical researchers has devised a technique
- that may eventually help parents sidestep this predicament.
- Scientists at the Illinois Masonic Medical Center and
- Northwestern University, led by geneticist Yury Verlinsky, say
- they can test for genetic defects in the human egg even before
- it has been fertilized. The technique could enable thousands of
- mothers with a family history of genetic disorders to avoid
- giving birth to an afflicted child without having to undergo
- abortion. Dr. C. Thomas Caskey, president of the American
- Society of Human Genetics, calls the new method "promising" but
- stresses that more testing is needed.
- </p>
- <p> The procedure, reported last week at a meeting of the
- American Society of Human Genetics in Baltimore, is based on
- analysis of the "first polar body," a small packet of
- chromosomes sloughed off from the human egg during cell
- division. First the researchers remove several eggs from a
- woman's ovaries. Next the first polar body is detached, and a
- new genetic test called polymerase chain reaction is employed
- to analyze the chromosomes, which are complementary to those
- left in the egg's nucleus. Eggs that are not defective can then
- be selected and used in an increasingly common procedure known
- as in vitro fertilization. This involves placing the eggs in a
- soup of sperm and implanting resulting embryos in the mother's
- womb. The main difficulty is that only one in ten tries results
- in a birth. Yet the success rate may improve, and
- prefertilization diagnosis could someday be used to intercept
- defective genes that cause such diseases as Tay-Sachs, cystic
- fibrosis and thalassemia.
- </p>
- <p> If prefertilization testing is perfected, it could be a
- blessing for those ardently opposed to abortion. James Bopp
- Jr., general counsel for the National Right to Life Committee,
- says he can see nothing wrong with the test, since it does not
- involve "the taking of an innocent human life." Still, others
- have raised moral objections to the whole notion of "test-tube
- babies." The Roman Catholic Church and some conservative
- Protestant groups oppose IVF as a threat to the sanctity of
- human life.
- </p>
- <p> Researchers caution that the test remains experimental and
- will not be widely available for several years. It has been
- tried on just five eggs from one woman, and none of the embryos
- developed. Verlinsky attributes this to IVF's failure rate. But
- his team must repeat the test on many women before convincing
- doctors that it is accurate and does not damage the ovum.
- </p>
- <p> Even if the method proves effective, the costs are
- considerable -- up to $6,000 for the analysis and IVF. Moreover,
- IVF is a taxing procedure that usually requires repeated cycles
- of medication to enhance ovulation and delicate manipulations
- to remove eggs and implant embryos.
- </p>
- <p> Still, the technique may be worth the trouble for those who
- oppose abortion but not IVF. The procedure may also appeal to
- mothers traumatized by past abortions. With current genetic
- tests, a pregnant woman waits nine weeks after conception before
- genetic analysis. With prefertilization testing, however, the
- parents could theoretically know from the start that their child
- has healthy genes.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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